Quercetin is extremely safe in allergic rhinitis therapy. Quercetin has so many other benefits (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, capillary stabilizer, etc.) It is a strong inhibitor of basophil and mast cell degranulation [70,71,99,112]. In immune reactions, basophils and mast cells that are sensitized by IgE antibodies attached to the cell surface strongly degranulate upon re-exposure to the allergen. Degranulation requires energy and an influx of calcium (Ca2+), and results in the simultaneous release of histamine, adenosine triphosphate and other mediators that are stored in the granules. In the process of degranulation, mast cells use calcium-activated enzymes to assemble contractile microtubules, which pulls the granules towards the cell membrane, where the inflammatory contents are spilled outside the cell, unleashing an allergic reaction [69,70,71,99,101,111,112]. Quercetin prevents the process of mast cell degranulation, preventing the entry of Ca2+ into the cells Secondary mediators of inflammation, such as arachidonic acid metabolites, are released outside the cell via the action of phospholipase A2. It is known that steroids act as anti-inflammatory agents due to their ability to inhibit phospholipase A2. Quercetin also inhibits many steps along the eicosanoid membrane pathway, including phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenase. Several authors confirmed that quercetin: (1) can inhibit mast cell degranulation; (2) reduces airway hyperreactivity; (3) reduces mucus and collagen production; (4) reduces eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment; (5) reduces bronchial epithelial cell activation and MMP-9 and MMP-12 expression; (6) modulates Th1/Th2 cytokine production; (7) demonstrates anti-fibrotic activities; (8) reduces collagen deposition by inducing HO-1 upregulation; (9) decreases the production of IL-4, IL-5, CCL11 and LTB4 and increase IL-4 and increase IFN-γ concentration; (10) decreases type I and type III collagen synthesis; and (11) downmodulates P-selectin expression by blocking NF-kB signaling. These effects might be associated with attenuation of the PI3-kinase, Akt and NF-kB signaling pathways. Quercetin taken with vitamin C has been reported to reduce hay fever symptoms [99,113]. In fact, it has been shown that flavonoids inhibit enzymes that increase histamine release from mast cells and basophils: cAMP phosphodiesterase and calcium-dependent ATPase. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase degrades cAMP; large amounts of cAMP act by blocking intracellular reservoirs of histamine. Moreover, calcium-dependent ATPase degrades ATP to release energy and facilitate the gating of Ca2+ across the cell membrane; high intracellular Ca2+ levels also cause histamine release from cellular storage granules. Quercetin has a strong affinity for mast cells and basophils; stabilizes membranes, prevents release of histamine and has the power to inhibit two enzymes that regulate the release of leukotrienes, which are implicated in asthmatic-type reactions [11,70,101,111,112,113,114]. By inhibiting the release of histamines and leukotrienes into the bloodstream, quercetin prevents allergy symptoms, such as swollen nasal passages, congestion, sneezing, watery eyes, and itchiness in eyes and nose.
A Q Amp;A Book About Peanuts And Tree Nut Allergies: How To Keep Loved Ones Safe From Allergic React
While less than 1% of the general population is sensitized to latex, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration estimates that 8-12% of health-care workers are sensitized. The major source of workplace exposure is powdered natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves. NRL is harvested from HEVEA: brasiliensis trees and ammoniated to prevent coagulation resulting in the hydrolysis of the latex proteins. Prior to use in manufacturing, the latex is formulated by the addition of multiple chemicals. Thus, human exposure is to a mixture of residual chemicals and hydrolyzed latex peptides. Clinical manifestations include irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis (type IV), and type I immediate hypersensitivity response. Type I (IgE-mediated) NRL allergy includes contact urticaria, systemic urticaria, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis. Taking an accurate history, including questions on atopic status, food allergy, and possible reactions to latex devices makes diagnosis of type-I latex allergy possible. To confirm a diagnosis, either in vivo skin prick testing (SPT) or in vitro assays for latex-specific IgE are performed. While the SPT is regarded as a primary confirmatory test for IgE-mediated disease, the absence of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-licensed HEVEA: brasiliensis latex extract has restricted its use in diagnosis. Serological tests have, therefore, become critically important as alternative diagnostic tests. Three manufacturers currently have FDA clearance for in vitro tests, to detect NRL-specific IgE. The commercially available assays may disagree on the antibody status of an individual serum, which may be due to the assay's detecting anti-NRL IgEs to different allergenic NRL proteins. Sensitized individuals produce specific IgE antibody to at least 10 potent HEVEA: allergens, Hev b 1-Hev b 10, each of which differs in its structure, size, and net charge. The relative content and ratios of Hevs in the
Healthcare workers and patients are often exposed to natural rubber latex (NRL) through contact with gloves and various healthcare products, which can potentially cause allergic reactions, with varying degrees of severity. In 2008, the Royal College of Physicians published their first evidence-based guidance on occupational health interventions for latex allergy, which emphasized the importance of healthcare workers having knowledge of latex allergy. This study aimed to survey the knowledge of healthcare workers (n = 156) about latex gloves and NRL allergy, routine prevention practice and the appropriate use of gloves in patient care. Healthcare workers in a large teaching hospital were surveyed using a standard questionnaire. We found that only 1% of healthcare workers were able to correctly match the appropriate gloves to the specifically designed procedure. More than half (n = 74.53%) were unable to recognize the presentation of type 1 allergy to NRL. Of the 156 participants, 131 (84%) considered that they would benefit from training about NRL allergy and the use of different types of gloves in clinical care. This survey indicates the importance of education regarding appropriate use of gloves and prevention of NRL allergy among healthcare workers, and dermatologists should play an important role in facilitating this. The Author(s). CED 2012 British Association of Dermatologists.
Full Text Available O látex está sendo considerado o alergênico do ano 2000, tendo em vista que inúmeros indivíduos, principalmente profissionais da área de saúde e pacientes submetidos a várias intervenções diagnósticas e terapêuticas, estão freqüentemente expostos aos alérgenos do látex, presentes em produtos de borracha natural. As manifestações clínicas conseqüentes às reações alérgicas de hipersensibilidade imediata vão desde rinite, urticária, conjuntivite, angioedema, asma, até anafilaxia. Estudos recentes estão demonstrando que pacientes alérgicos ao látex desenvolvem concomitantemente sensibilização a certos alimentos de origem vegetal, especialmente frutas como papaia, figo, banana, abacate, kiwi, pêssego, abacaxi, melão e castanha, acreditando-se numa provável ocorrência de reações cruzadas entre os alérgenos do látex e destas frutas. Faz-se, então, uma revisão sobre a alergia ao látex, em particular sobre os grupos de risco, incluindo a presença de reatividade cruzada entre o látex e as frutas.The latex is being considered the allergenic agent of the year 2000, taking into account that several individuals, mainly health care professionals, and patients who had undergone many diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, are frequently exposed to latex allergens, which are present in natural rubber latex products. The clinical manifestations, derived from allergic reactions of immediate hypersensitivity vary from since rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, angioedema, asthma, to anaphylaxis. Recent researches are demonstrating that patients allergic to latex develop concomitantly sensitization to certain vegetable foods, especially fruits like papaya, fig, banana, avocado, kiwi, peach, pineapple, melon and chestnut, and a probable occurrence of cross reaction between allergens of latex and of these fruits is believed. A review is made about latex allergy, in particular about risk groups, including the presence of
In 2001 the General Health Direction of Region Lombardia approved (decree n. 22303) a guideline for the prevention of latex allergic reactions in patients and health care workers. This document provides general recommendations in order to standardize behaviors in regional health care facilities. The reason is due to a rise in the incident of reactions to latex products in the last 20 years. Nowadays the prevalence is higher in certain risk groups (subjected to frequent and repeated exposures) rather than the general population. The aim of the project was to organize a latex safe operating theatre in the Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena of Milan (Fondazione) and to standardize behaviors in order to prevent adverse effects in latex allergic patients. Thanks to the literature review and the creation of a multidisciplinar team, we produced a protocol. Therefore, we requested manufacturers the certification of the latex content of their products. Results and conclusion. When latex allergic patients need to undergone surgery in our hospital, a latex safe operating theatre is organized by personnel following a multidisciplinar protocol. No allergic reactions were experienced during surgical procedures after the creation of an environment as free as possible from latex contamination. The project will involve an emergency room, one room or more of a ward and of the outpatients department. 2ff7e9595c
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